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It all began in 1956, when John and several of his school friends formed a skiffle band, known as the Quarrymen. Paul and John met in 1957 at a local church where the Quarrymen were playing. This meeting resulted in Paul becoming a member in late 1957. The group began playing at a local jazz club, called the Cavern, but were restricted to playing skiffle tunes. George Harrison was not introduced to the group until 1958 by Paul. The group competed in a talent contest in Manchester, under the name of Johnny and the Moondogs around 1959. Unfortunately the group did not come close to winning, but it was good experience. In 1960 they acquired bass player Stuart Sutcliffe. Stuart was John's best friend at art college and in their spare time they would hang out at a local coffee bar, The Jacaranda, which was run by Alan Williams. A London agent and producer, Larry Parnes, asked Williams to nominate four Liverpool groups to back the stars on tours in North England and Scotland. Williams recommended Johnny and the Moondogs, but advised them to change their name. The name changed to Holly, then The Three Tunes, then The Crickets, and finally they agreed on The Beetles. John suggested they change the spelling to "The Beatles."

The group made a brief tour, backing Johnny Gentle, to Scotland. Upon their return they realized that they needed a drummer. This resulted in Pete Best joining the group in 1960. Williams then nominated them to play in a club in Hamburg, Germany. They played the Indra Club despite their small repertoire. In order to get past their small repertoire, they would be required to repeat some songs or to length them with improve solos. It was during the end of their stay in Hamburg that they would meet Ringo Starr, who was playing with Rory Storm and the Hurricanes. They returned to Liverpool in late 1960 without Stuart Sutcliffe, because he had become engaged to a blonde German woman, named Astrid Kirchnerr. Astrid would have a lasting impact on The Beatles as she restyled the group's hair, which would become the familiar Beatles look, and designed their stage clothes.

The Beatles did not leave Hamburg voluntarily but were told to leave because George was not allowed to play at nightclubs past midnight because he was not 18. In April 1961, the returned to Hamburg to play at the Top Ten Club. They lost Stuart for good when he was offered a place at a German art college. Paul became the bassist. It was during this three-month stay that they made their first record. However, The Beatles, were not featured or even on the label. They were the back up band for Tony Sheridan. In mid 1961, they returned to Liverpool to play once again at the Cavern.

Once at home, Lennon hung out with his friend Billy Harry. He offered him a helping hand when publishing his magazine about the local music scene, called Mersey Beat. One of the places that sold this magazine, was North End Music stores. It was owned by a local family, the Epsteins, and managed by Brian Epstein. The record store prided itself on being able to find any record you wanted. One day a customer entered the store and requested a single by The Beatles who had been featured in the Mersey Beat. Brian had not heard of them and went to ask the group which label they used. He ordered 200 copies and they sold well. Soon after Brian Epstein would begin to manage The Beatles and convinced Decca Records to grant them an audition. The audition was in 1962, but they were rejected. In April 1962 they returned to Germany to play in the Star Club. Brian eventually found them a record label with George martin and EMI record company. It was Martine that recommended they change they drummer.


Ringo Starr joined in August 1962. Around this time, John's girlfriend Cynthia Powell became pregnant and they were married. This marriage was kept quiet. The Beatles first single was released under their own name called 'Love Me Do.' It briefly topped the UK Top Twenty. The Beatles would make two more trips to Hamburg before they recorded their first hit song, 'Please, Please Me.' In February of 1963 they would record another 10 tracks in one day, that was to be the basis of their debut LP, Please Please Me. The group's third single was 'From Me to You' that topped the UK's singles chart. In August of 1963, another single 'She Loves You' became number one in Britain while Please Please Me, dominated the LP charts. It was to be that 1963 would mark the start of Beatlemania. The Beatles became the idols of many teens around the world. Their next album would be titled With The Beatles and released in November 1963. It remained number one for 21 weeks.

Capitol Records in the United States finally exercised its rights to release the records with the band making their first appearance in America. They were booked to play on the Ed Sullivan show with an audience of over 70 million people. It was the Beatles fifth single, ' I Want to Hold Your Hand,' that reached number one in the US. The Beatles found they had 12 singles in the US Top 100 and 5 of them occupied the top 5 places. They then took this opportunity to work on their first feature film, A Hard Days Night, after returning from their tour in the US. It was shot in black and white and involved not much more than them being themselves. The film included 6 new Lennon/McCartney songs, plus 'Can't Buy Me Love,' which sold 1.2 million copies its first week of release in Britain and 2 million its first week in the Unite States. During the filming of this movie, George met his future wife Patti Boyd, a model who had a part in the movie. The film premiered in July, but before that in May John published a book of poetry titled, In His Own Write. It was also during this month that life size models of the group appeared in London's Madame Tussaud's Wax Museum.


Unfortunately Ringo was in the hospital with tonsillitis and was replaced by Jimmy Nicol for the first few days of their world tour. Their new single and album, A Hard Days Night, topped both the charts in the week of August fourth. It was at the end of this year that Ringo returned to the hospital to have his tonsils removed. Upon his return, Ringo was asked to tell how he was and he said "I feel Fine," which happened to be the title of their new single. Needles to say, sales sky rocketed after that. At the end of the year came their fourth LP, Beatles For Sale. This LP included cover versions of classic songs such as Chuckberry ('Rock 'n' Roll Music') and Buddy Holly ('Words of Love'). Early 1965, they began to work on Help!, which was originally called 'Eight Arms to Hold.' Before its premier in summer of 1965, 'Ticket to Ride' with Paul on guitar topped the charts. Unfortunately 'Help' would overshadow it.

Before the Beatles premier of Help!, they were awarded the MBE (Member of the British Empire) in Queen Elizabeth II's Birthday Honours List. Before long they set out for another world tour. The greatest highlight of this tour when The Beatles got to meet Elvis Presley in California. Also in the year 1965 came the marriage of Ringo to Maureen Cox, and they had a song Zak by Christmas. John published his second book, 'A Spaniard in the Works', that same year. One of the songs that wasn't featured in the movie was 'Yesterday', written by Paul who sang and played the guitar with a string quartet in the background. It was released as a single and topped US charts for a month and sold 1 million copies. 'Yesterday' has since been recorded by over 2500 artists. The end of 1965 brought Rubber Soul. December 3, 1965, the same day Rubber Soul was released brought another single, 'We Can Work It Out/ Day Tripper.' And finally at the end of the year brought their final tour, with the last show being held in Merseyside.

The year of 1966 brought George and Patti Boyd together in marriage. During the first half of this year, John told Maureen Cleave, a London journalist, that Christianity would not last forever. A new single was released in June, title 'Paperback Writer.' The group also visited the Philippines in July and barely escaped uninjured from a angry crowd who thought they had insulted President Marcos. Also, that same interview at the beginning of the year was released in America as it was published in a magazine. The started a hate campaign against the Beatles with people burning their records. It only ended when John made a public apology. As their final American tour began, Revolver was released. Eleanor Rigby/ Yellow Submarine became the hot new single.

On the return from the United States, they each began separate projects. John appeared in a comedy film, How I Won the War, while George went to India to study music and culture. Paul wrote the score for The Family Way. It was in November 1966 when John met Yoko Ono at a exhibition of her work at a London art gallery. The year of 1967 brought The Beatles a new contract with EMI for the next 9 years. Their new single was Pennylane/Strawberry Fields, but it failed to top the charts in Britain. In June they would release their best album to date, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. The idea was Pauls for The Beatles to play parts of a band in a variety show. The album sleeve was a collage of 68 people, including comedians such as Laurel and Hardy and WC Fields, film starts (Fred Astaire, Marilyn Monroe), sportsmen (Sonny Liston, Albert Stubbing), novelists, poets and painters.


The group made history again my participating in the first live satellite TV broadcast. They sang 'All You Need is Love' to a global audience of 400 million. The Beatles became interested in the study of transcendental meditation which is practiced by the Indian guru, maharishi Mahesh Yogi. They would attend a 10 day course in Wales. Brian Epstein was concerned that the group might not renew his management contract and died October 1967 from a accidental overdose of sleeping pills. The Beatles went on and decided they were ready to direct their own TV special, Magical Mystery Tour. The plan was to film the journey of the group and to perform their new songs. Filmed in color, it premiered on December 26,1967. The TV special did not turn out well but it had a great soundtrack. They released it as a double EP with a 24 page booklet. In 1968 The Beatles announced the launch of Apple Corps Ltd. And undertook the Apple Boutique on Baker Street. Unfortunately it closed after 8 months.

In February the Beatles with their wives and lovers went to India to visit the Maharishi. Ringo and Maureen left after 10 days followed by Paul and Jane after 6 weeks. During their stay in India they released a single title 'Lady Madonna' which reached the top of the UK charts. After they returned Paul and John would both begin new relationships. John spent the night "romancing" Yoko Ono and then was divorced by Cynthia. Paul ended his engagement with Jan Asher after meeting Linda Eastman. The Beatles also began work on a new animated feature file, Yellow Submarine. They released the soundtrack, but not before the release of a new Beatles studio album. 'Hey Jude' would be the first single to bear the Apple label and being seven minutes long, was their longest to date. It soon reached the top of UK charts but was replaced by another Apple single, 'Those Were The Days', by Mary Hopkin. It was 1968 when the double album called 'The Beatles' was released in a simple white sleeve which would have it come to be known as "The White Album." The album was hastily put together as it only consisted of a few hits. It was becoming clear that The Beatles were no longer working together.

Ringo even left the ban for a short while, but returned before it was common knowledge. A classic hit, 'Get Back', was recorded live on the roof of the Apple Offices in Savile Row. When released it credited Billy Preston as a special guest playing keyboard. The hit remained at number one in the UK for 5 weeks and for 6 in the United States. It was only to be replaced by 'The Ballad of John and Yoko' that bared The Beatles name, but only featured John and Paul. The Beatles began to have problems. Ringo and George wanted Allen Klein to manage them while Paul wanted Lee Eastman. Despite this dilemma their contract required them to make a new album so they began working on Abbey Road. George Martin agreed to produce the record as long as it was recorded at Abbey Road Studios. It became a huge success and by 1980 had sold over 10 million copies. And it featured two George songs. Allen Klein hired Phil Spector to salvage their recordings from their documentary attempt. It had the working title of 'Get Back.' Spector set out on the task of siting through 30 hours of material. During this time a new single, 'Let It Be', was released. Written by Paul, it topped the US charts along with another single 'The Long and Winding Road.' 'Let IT Be' was released in May of 1970 before Paul announced he had left the group. The film premiered also in may 1970. With the end of the Beatles being official, each began their solo careers. Despite the end of their partnership together, their legacy and music lives on.

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Tanya M. Brethour
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Last Updated 10/24/98 15:30
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